➀ Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong University and Uppsala University have developed a new self-assembled bilayer film that enhances the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

➁ This bilayer film improves upon traditional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by forming a polymerized network that resists thermal degradation up to 100°C for 200 hours.

➂ When applied to inverted PSCs, the bilayer significantly increased power conversion efficiency and reduced efficiency loss over time, meeting international temperature stability standards.